Biography of Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci, Mathematician

Biography of Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci, Mathematician Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci (1170–1240 or 1250) was an Italian number theorist. He introduced the world to such wide-ranging mathematical concepts as what is now known as the Arabic numbering system, the concept of square roots, number sequencing, and even math word problems. Fast Facts: Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci Known For: Noted Italian mathematician and number theorist; developed Fibonacci Numbers and the Fibonacci SequenceAlso Known As: Leonard of PisaBorn: 1170 in Pisa, ItalyFather: GuglielmoDied: Between 1240 and 1250, most likely in  PisaEducation: Educated in North Africa; studied mathematics in Bugia, AlgeriaPublished Works: Liber Abaci (The Book of Calculation), 1202 and 1228; Practica Geometriae (The Practice of Geometry), 1220; Liber Quadratorum (The Book of Square Numbers), 1225Awards and Honors: The  Republic of Pisa  honored Fibonacci in 1240 for advising the city and its citizens on accounting issues.Notable Quote: â€Å"If by chance I have omitted anything more or less proper or necessary, I beg forgiveness, since there is no one who is without fault and circumspect in all matters.† Early Years and Education Fibonacci was born in Italy but obtained his education in North Africa. Very little is known about him or his family and there are no photographs or drawings of him. Much of the information about Fibonacci has been gathered by his autobiographical notes, which he included in his books. Mathematical Contributions Fibonacci is considered to be one of the most talented mathematicians of the Middle Ages. Few people realize that it was Fibonacci that gave the world the decimal number system (Hindu-Arabic numbering system), which replaced the Roman numeral system. When he was studying mathematics, he used the Hindu-Arabic (0-9) symbols instead of Roman symbols, which didnt have zeros and lacked place value. In fact, when using the Roman numeral system, an abacus was usually required. There is no doubt that Fibonacci saw the superiority of using Hindu-Arabic system over the Roman Numerals. Liber Abaci Fibonacci showed the world how to use what is now our current numbering system in his book Liber Abaci, which he published in 1202. The title translates as The Book of Calculation. The following problem was written in his book: A certain man put a pair of rabbits in a place surrounded on all sides by a wall. How many pairs of rabbits can be produced from that pair in a year if it is supposed that every month each pair begets a new pair, which from the second month on becomes productive? It was this problem that led Fibonacci to the introduction of the Fibonacci Numbers and the Fibonacci Sequence, which is what he remains famous for to this day. The sequence is 1, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 13, 21, 34, 55... This sequence  shows that each number is the sum of the two preceding numbers. It is a sequence that is seen and used in many different areas of mathematics and science today. The sequence is an example of a recursive sequence. The Fibonacci Sequence defines the curvature of naturally occurring spirals, such as snail shells and even the pattern of seeds in flowering plants. The Fibonacci Sequence was actually given the name by a French mathematician Edouard Lucas in the 1870s. Death and Legacy In addition to Liber Abaci, Fibonacci authored several other books on mathematical topics ranging from geometry to squaring numbers (multiplying numbers by themselves). The city of Pisa (technically a republic at that time) honored Fibonacci and granted him a salary in 1240 for his help in advising Pisa and its citizens on accounting issues. Fibonacci died between 1240 and 1250 in Pisa. Fibonacci is famous for his contributions to number theory. In his book, Liber Abaci, he introduced the Hindu-Arabic place-valued decimal system and the use of Arabic numerals into Europe.He introduced the bar that is used for fractions today; previous to this, the numerator had quotations around it.The square root notation is also a Fibonacci method. It has been said that the Fibonacci Numbers are natures numbering system and that they apply to the growth of living things, including cells, petals on a flower, wheat, honeycomb, pine cones, and much more. Sources â€Å"Leonardo Pisano Fibonacci.†Ã‚  Fibonacci (1170-1250), History.mcs.st-andrews.ac.uk..Leonardo Pisano (Fibonacci) Stetson.edu.Knott, R. â€Å"Who was Fibonacci?† Maths.surrey.ac.uk.

Soothing Quotes About Heartbreak

Soothing Quotes About Heartbreak A famous- and true- adage goes like this: A friend is one who walks in when others walk out. All those who have had their hearts trampled upon will agree that the presence of a friend can ease the pain. So if you have a friend going through a tough heartbreak, just be around. If you find yourself at a loss for words, dont fret. These love and heartbreak quotes can help you to soothe your friend aptly express your feelings without making you sound like a know-it-all. Heartbreak Quotes Anonymous If we deny love that is given to us, if we refuse to give love because we fear pain or loss, then our lives will be empty, our loss greater. Robert Frost â€Å"The only way out is through.†Ã‚   Haruki Murakami, Norwegian Wood â€Å"What happens when people open their hearts?  They get better.†Ã‚   Cormac McCarthy, All the Pretty Horses â€Å"Scars have the strange power to remind us that our past is real.†Ã‚   David GraysonLooking back, I have this to regret, that too often when I loved, I did not say so. Jim Henson â€Å"Only time can heal your broken heart. Just as only time can heal his broken arms and legs.†Ã‚   Javan Love can sometimes be magic. But magic can sometimes ... just be an illusion. Richard Puz, The Carolinian â€Å"Death leaves a heartache no one can heal, love leaves a memory no one can steal. (From an Irish headstone) Robert James Waller, The Bridges of Madison County â€Å"The human heart has a way of making itself large again even after its been broken into a million pieces.†Ã‚   Marcel Proust â€Å"We are healed of a suffering only by experiencing it to the full.†Ã‚   In reality, in  love  there is a permanent suffering which joy neutralizes, renders virtual delays, but which can at any moment become what it would have become long earlier if one had not obtained what one wanted- atrocious. Spanish ProverbWhere there is love, there is pain. Charles M. Schulz Nothing takes the taste out of peanut butter quite like unrequited love. Laura Fitzgerald, Veil of Roses â€Å"Given enough time and distance, the heart will always heal.†Ã‚   Shannon L. Adler â€Å"Time doesnt heal all wounds; only distance can lessen the sting of them.†Ã‚   John Christopher, The Sword of the Spirits â€Å"And though I remember her name I cannot recall her face. All things pass.†Ã‚   Steve Goodier â€Å"It’s true that laughter really is cheap medicine. It’s a prescription anyone can afford. And best of all, you can fill it right now.†Ã‚   Amy Hempel â€Å"Consolation is a beautiful word. Everyone skins his knee- that doesnt make yours hurt any less.†Ã‚   Jean de la Fontaine â€Å"Sadness flies away on the wings of time.†

Ishikawa Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Ishikawa - Research Paper Example He was given huge management responsibilities when he was very young, and this too, made him concentrate his mind on business improvement very early in his career. It is interesting that from the start Ishikawa was able to apply both his practical experience in the field of engineering management, and his academic abilities at the same time. He noticed that the Japanese economy immediately after the second World War was suffering from various hindrances including a lack of understanding of statistics on the part of individuals who had to make decisions based on those figures, a nationwide over-reliance on imports, and an irrational tendency to use outmoded approaches (Ishikawa, 1991, p.3). This ability to see both the tiny details and the bigger picture was to prove one of his greatest strengths. He saw Total Quality Control as the key to addressing all of these issues and this was the start of his major lifetime achievements. Milakovish, (1995 p. 61) points out that Ishikawa acknowledged debts to Deming, Feigenbaum and Juran in his innovations, but that his major contribution to the field of quality management is his creation of the Quality Control Circle, which encouraged contributions from workers in small groups at the production level. It was introduced in the Nippon Telegraph and Cable Company for the first time in 1962 and from there it spread across the whole of Japan. This recognition of the valuable contribution of every worker at every part of the process of production, sales and after sales service revolutionised the way that managers saw their own roles, and the roles of their colleagues and subordinates. Through working with Deming and others, Ishikawa was able to appreciate the benefits of Western ways of doing, but he could also see that Japanese traditional ways had much value if applied in the right way. Japanese cultural traditions such

Inflation Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Inflation - Assignment Example This led the country to rely less on imports and, therefore, encouraged self-reliance for a forty-year period. The country experienced high corruption and bureaucracy levels fuelled by the industrial licensing system known as the licensing raj. The post-1991 period showed attempts by the Indian government of opening up the economy. These were forced steps and, therefore, had to occur urgently since the country was facing bankruptcy caused by the balance of payment crisis. The collapse of the Soviet Union was significant since they supplied cheap oil to India. In this period, India faced an economic crisis coupled with the assassination of Rajiv Gandhi, a former prime minister. A new finance minister was introduced by the name Manmohan Singh, a free market champion and an economist (Picardo, 2015). His efforts ensured that India rose to become a powerhouse of information and technology with a fast growing economy. Between 1991 and 2011, India’s gross domestic product quadrupled and this led to the emergence of the middle class with a high demand for consumer products like mobile devices. A few factors that have occurred to inhibit the growth of the Indian economy are; inadequate infrastructure and a deteriorating financial position. The primary growth inhibitor in India has been the coalition governments that have failed to find a consensus on crucial reforms. But, after the 2014 elections won by the Bharatiya Janata Party, the new prime minister has restored investor confidence due to his development record. Good leadership is an integral part of ensuring the growth of economies and India is a perfect case study. Before the 2014 elections, the previous Indian government was a coalition government. This made it tough for those in power to agree on crucial reforms, and this is noted as the primary growth inhibitor. India was a closed economy between the years 1947 to 1991; they also had stringent laws that kept off potential

Islamic Finance & Critical Success Factors Essay Example for Free

Islamic Finance Critical Success Factors Essay I Would like to take this opportunity to thank all those people who contributed their time and effort and provided their insight in enabling the compilation of this report, it is with much regret that all of their names cannot be mentioned individually here, however special mention needs to be made of certain individuals, without whose input this report would have not been possible. Mr Baratha Devanarayana course coordinator and project supervisor of the Advanced Diploma in Business Management programme at the National Institute of Business Management (NIBM) for the support and advice given in content structuring and format design of the report. Would also like to mention Mrs Zeti Akhtar Aziz, Governor of Bank Negara Malaysia and Mrs Shamshed Akhtar, Governor of the State Bank of Pakistan whose knowledge and valuable insight on the Islamic finance industry as leading professionals in the field have provided the basis on which the compilation of this report has been made possible. Executive Summary Islamic finance is a financial system based on Shariah law or Islamic law which mandates the prohibition of charging or payment of interest encourages risk and profit sharing between all parties to a contract and emphasizes the need of ethical investment which contributes to the greater good of society as a whole. Islamic finance is now one of the fastest growing financial segments in the international financial system today with an estimated annual growth rate of 15 to 20%. Industry assets worldwide are currently estimated to be between $1. 3 trillion and its industry assets and overseas portfolios are estimated to reach 4 trillion in the medium term. Diverse financial products and services, progress in developing regulatory frameworks and enhanced international linkages are driving industry growth. The critical success factors for Islamic finance to foster the growth of the industry, the application of these critical success factors and there potential applicability in the Sri Lankan context will be analysed, a comparison between Islamic finance and the conventional system on some basic indicators for competitiveness, social development and development finance will be made and the Sri Lankan and regional potential of Islamic finance will be analysed as the research undertaking of this study. The progress that has been made on certain aspects of the Islamic financial system both locally and globally, the importance of Sri Lanka fostering the growth of the Islamic finance industry are some of the issues discussed in this study. As a prelude to the research part of this study the recent developments of Islamic finance both globally and locally and the historical development of Islamic finance will be looked at to facilitate an understanding on how the system has evolved from a single institution a few decades ago to a global industry with a global presence spreading from the Middle East to Asia and the West.

Benjamin Franklin: An Inspirational Self-Made Man Essay -- American Hi

Benjamin Franklin is one of the most influential and famous figures of all time. Ben Franklin if often referred to as the "self-made man," and his philosophies and principles in the Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin, edited by Louis P. Masur, has served as a self-help book for millions around the world. Franklin's Autobiography is a prime example of the American dream, a rag to riches story that has inspired many people to think of themselves and the community in a different light. Franklin's moral and social philosophies are packed deeply into his Autobiography. Franklin believed that improving ones self was the key to success. Self-improvement, self-education, and self-discipline are the main factors of a self-made man. Improving yourself will ultimately improve the society as a whole. Franklin speaks of principality and inclination. His idea was to produce the principle man with the awareness of man's natural inclination. Throughout the text Franklin provides examples from his own life that contradicts his moral and social philosophies. These contradictions are mostly caused by natural inclinations. Franklin uses these contradictions to educate people to be aware of their natural inclinations and to try and overcome them. Franklin's realizes that improving oneself is a road with many imperfections. Not even the "self-made man" was completely perfect. A general theme in Franklin's writings is the differences between the private and public self and how the two interact. Parts One and Two of his Autobiography were written at different times and intended for different audiences. In Part One Franklin is speaking to his Son, (who was then the Governor of New Jersey) a public figure. It was started in 1771. Part Two was begun... ...ls. He says, ."..their Aim seeming to be rather to make us Presbyterian than good Citizens." (Pg. 94) Franklin felt as though individual study should be emphasized over dogma. Benjamin Franklin's moral and social philosophies inspired and continue to inspire millions around the globe. Becoming a "self-made man" is a long and arduous task. Improve yourself, which will in return improve the society. Contradiction is inevitable when trying to follow strict ideals. Franklin's purpose was to make people aware of their inclinations and to help them overcome the natural tendencies of man, which would limit our dependence on other people. Benjamin Franklin is an inspiration to us all. Works Cited Franklin, Benjamin, and Louis Masur, and Theda Perdue, and Frederick Douglass, and David Blight. Autobiography of Benjamin Franklin 2e. Bedford/St. Martin's, 2007.

Environmental Hazards Essay

If someone was to ask you, â€Å"What is an open dump? † What would you say? Would you know what to tell them? An open dump is abandoned piles of household garbage, bags of yard waste, appliances, old barrels, used tires, and demolition debris can threaten the health of wildlife, the environment, and humans. They can cause such health, environmental, and safety issues as fires or explosions, the inhalation of toxic gases, injuries to children playing in or around the dumpsites (I have personal experience of cutting my foot on broken glass as a child playing in an open dump), diseases carried by flies, rodents and mosquitos, and other hazards. Open Dumps, 1996 – 2011). Early Landfill Believe it or not, landfills go way back in history. Of course, back then they were called â€Å"garbage dumps. † For instance, early American settlers used to deal with their garbage by dumping it over the back fence, burying it in their back yards, or dumping it in rivers. They also would burn their garbage. (Amsel, 2005 – 2013). We can go even further back in history with this subject. Case in point: Did you know the cause of the bubonic plague (14th century) was too much garbage in the streets? Allow me to explain. The bubonic plague, also called, the â€Å"black death,† spread through Africa, Asia, nd Europe, killing 75 million people. What these people did not know at the time was they had too much garbage in their streets. There was so much it was in piles. These piles of garbage in turn attracted rats. The rats had fleas. The fleas carried the disease. With rats carrying the disease from place to place, the lack of sanitation made it the worst epidemic in human history. (Amsel, 2005 – 2013). Many of the early landfills were made in wetlands. These wetlands were thought to be wasteland at that time. These landfills leaked into lakes and rivers and built up gases, such as methane. As garbage rots, it gives off a flammable gas, called methane. Because of this many garbage dumps would catch fire or explode! The first garbage burning plant was built in 1885 in New York on Governor’s Island. It was called an â€Å"incinerator. † There were 300 incinerators burning garbage in the U. S. by 1914. (Amsel, 2005 – 2013). Leachate – The most serious problem with landfills is groundwater contamination. As water percolates through the ground (like water does in a coffeemaker), chemicals can be released in the ground and get carried along in a process called leaching. The resulting water with the various pollutants is called leachate. As the water percolates through Municipal Solid Waste (MSW), a noxious leachate is generated that consists of residues various decomposing organic matter mixed with various metals from rusting items in the landfills. This can funnel directly into the groundwater without correct precautionary measures. (Wright, 2011). Methane – Municipal Solid Waste is about 2/3 organic material. Because of this, it is subject to natural decomposition. Buried wastes are anaerobic, meaning they decompose without oxygen. A major by-product of this process produces a combination of about 2/3 methane and 1/3 hydrogen and carbon dioxide, called biogas. This is a highly flammable mixture. This has caused homes to explode at up to 1000 feet away and has caused some deaths. Also, gases seeping up to the surface have killed vegetation by poisoning their roots. (Wright, 2011). Incomplete Decomposition – Commonly used plastics resist natural decomposition because of their molecular structure. Microbes are unable to digest them because they are polymers of petroleum-based compounds. There have been biodegradable plastic polymers developed from other sources, such as cornstarch, lactic acid, cellulose, and soybean protein, as well as petroleum. Wright, 2011). Settling – Finally, as waste compacts and decomposes, it settles. This problem was recognized from the beginning and there have been no buildings built on landfills. Settling creates shallow depressions that collect and hold water. These can also be deep holes. This can be addressed by continuous monitoring and filling to restore it to a level surface. (Wright, 2011). Modern Landfill Modern landfills are designed to address the previous mentioned issues. The EPA (Environmental Protection Agency) has upgraded requirements for landfill siting. New landfills are to be sited well above the water table on high ground. The floor is contoured so water drains into a tile leachate collection system. The sides and floor are covered with a plastic liner and at least two feet of compacted soil. This allows any percolating leachate to drain into the leachate collection system and be treated as necessary. Layers of refuse are positioned so the fill is built up in the shape of a pyramid. It is then with at least 18 inches of earthen material and then seeded. This cap and the pyramid shape help the landfill in shedding water. The entire landfill site is surrounded by groundwater monitoring wells and periodically checked. This checking must go on indefinitely. (Wright, 2011). Mariannhill Landfill, South Africa I chose the Mariannhill Landfill, South Africa for innovative practices in making it more productive and reducing its environmental impact. In reading the description of this landfill, it seemed more like a recreation area and less like a landfill. I could tell a lot of thought and planning went into this. This landfill contains several â€Å"cells† to hold waste. Soil from the landfill area is removed and put in storage. The resulting hole is the cell. Once the cell is full the soil is replaced. Vegetation is also removed and placed in a large holding nursery on the site. This is called Plant Rescue Unit or PRUNIT. There is a barrier system in each cell to prevent harmful waste by-products from seeping into the environment. Leachate is treated on site. This is done by a biological primary treatment with sludge followed by a â€Å"polishing treatment† by a reed bed. The Mariannhill site treats landfill water to reduce leachate until the water is reusable. Mariannhill has also set up a landfill gas extraction scheme. It has been operational for four years as of 2008. It also has a bird hide and conservation area with nature trails that link up with existing green space in the metro. (Mariannhill Landfill Conservancy, 2008). This has been a truly eye-opening assignment. Little did I realize as a child that some of the areas I was playing in were so dangerous. I’m not sure if my parents knew, but they always told me to stay away from places like that. I am so thankful these places (older landfills and â€Å"dumps†) are practically figments of the imagination now. We need to take better care of our planet! Let’s all chip in!

Persecution of Jews between the years 1933-39 Essay

By what stages and why did the Nazi Regime increase it’s persecution of Jews between the years 1933-39. Jewish people had been a traditional enemy for several hundred years before Hitler came to power and he made it quite clear in his book, ‘Mein Kampf,’ that he hated Jewish people. It should be no surprise that even before he rose to power he had already took steps to increase persecution of Jews in Nazi Germany in 1933-39. Before any of the momentous stages began, Hitler had displayed plenty of propaganda to advocate Nazi opinions of Jews, he realised that it wouldn’t be a good idea to persecute Jews to the highest level to begin with as he needed to be established as a great leader. Had he have began his stages with an event such as Kristallnacht the German people may not have accepted him as well as they did. Hitler began his stages with unorganised persecution, in 1933 he organised the April Boycotts which involved the boycotting of Jewish businesses, encouraging Aryan Germans to stay away from Jewish owned stores. The members of the Nazi party were eager to begin anti-Jewish measures so Hitler didn’t want to carry on denying them this. This stage kept the members happy for a short while and was also backed by churches; increasing its influential value. However the April Boycotts had to be kept fairly low key as Hitler did not want the public to resent him had they thought his measures were too much too soon; his suspicions were in fact correct, Hitler realised he didn’t have the public support he needed as despite the Boycotts the public seemed apathetic, they carried on shopping in Jewish stores; ignoring Hitler’s warning. Another factor controlling the force of the persecution was the fact that Hindenburg was still supreme to Hitler, he had already brought in the Hindenburg clause (whereby Jewish world war one veterans were exempt from the rule that Jews must be fired from certain professions) which hindered Hitler’s chance at early success. Hitler’s first attempt at unorganised persecution was supposed to last indefinitely, but in fact it only lasted a day. The Nazi regime’s next step in 1935 marked a new phase in their bid to increase the persecution of Jews. Following Hindenburg’s death in 1934, Hitler introduced The Nuremburg Laws in August 1935 which basically stripped the Jews of their civil rights. Hitler had realised that the intense propaganda had succeeded in winning the public over and therefore decided to take his persecution to the next stage. He completely disregarded the Hindenburg clause and referred to the Jews not as citizens but as ‘subjects’ of Germany. This step was to separate the Jews from the rest of the Germany nationality and could be seen as a result of the lack of progress made in the Nazi’s attempt to get Jews out of the country, statistics of Jews emigrating fell from 37000 to 23000 in 1934. However, in light of the Berlin summer Olympics in 1936, Hitler toned down the propaganda aimed at the persecution of Jews as he wanted tourists to see Germany as a pure country, free of people he though inferior such as Jews. The Nuremburg laws seemed to be as a result of Hitler feeling that he needed to start taking action that is easily recognisable as persecution; this however was nothing in comparison to his next step. On November 9th 1938, following the assassination of a German official in Paris by a young Jewish boy, the Nazi’s embarked on an orgy of violence, destroying Jewish Property in predominantly Jewish towns in Germany. This seemed the final straw for Hitler, before this he had not let member of the Nazi party display this type of organised persecution. The SS officers conducting the attacks broke the law, but Hitler let this go ahead as there was no popular outcry for it to stop, most resistance was very passive, probably Jew to the Nazi fear factor; no-one dear stand up to them. The intensity of Nazi officials complaining about a lack of action against the Jews encouraged this new wave of intimidation. To add insult to injury, the Jews were fined for the damage done to their towns and property; 1,000,000,000RM in total. 26,000 Jews were arrested and sent to work camps, Kristallnacht is thought to mark the beginning of the Holocaust. Hitler’s 4th and final stage was to eliminate Jews; they were not emigrating anymore (as much as they wanted to) simply because other countries could not take them. The measures taken previous to this stage were not enough to get rid of the Jews so Hitler decided to cram the Jews into small ghettos, so he could take complete control of them ready for when they were shipped off in freight trains to concentration camps. Hitler named this ‘the final solution of the Jewish question’ this stage seemed ooze a sense of desperation, nothing Hitler had done before had deterred the Jews enough for them to flee wherever they could. Once in concentration camps, had they not died of diseases such as Typhus, the Jews were systematically gassed in chambers, sometimes up to 2000 at a time. The name ‘final solution’ suggests that this really was the last straw for Hitler, he felt there was no other way to rid Germany of the Jews as although the first camp opened in 1933 (Dachau) they weren’t widely used until 1939, these camps could be seen as a precautionary measure. It is evident that Hitler had many ideas as to how to persecute Jews; he started with quite mild measures and gradually escalated things as a result of unresponsive behaviour from Jews. The pressure he was under from other Nazi party members in the early stages probably pushed him to cross the line into breaking the law to persecute Jews. The latter stages of these measures may not have happened had the Jews emigrated when they were encouraged to.

buy custom The Educational Research essay

buy custom The Educational Research essay According to Rich Housers Counseling and educational research: evaluation practice (1998, pg78), effective power size of a sample is the most difficult to determine. It should be determined by the researchers expectation of or predication on the strength of the outcome. The results are best when based on a research done previously. The researcher in this case acknowledges that almost uniform response was received from the respondents. Therefore though the sample size was small the researcher goes a head to prove the reliability of the collected data. According to Rich Houser, (1998, pg102) we have to pass the verdict that the results were much credible though with the benefit of some doubts. Therefore we assume the power of the results were credible and pass the generalization that the research was reliable. The benefits of the internship are many and as the researcher brings out, there is a feeling that all the parties involved benefit accordingly and hence the researchers objective of establishing the effectiveness of internship to both the student and the restaurant involved have been achieved adequately. As the researcher puts it, there needs to be major improvements in the internship design to give it a more effective face and increase the student-institution-organization participation and effectiveness in internships. May be after all the recommendations have been put in place further research should be carried out; this time the sample size should be increased and other data collection methods such as interviews to the respondents be introduced to achieve more credible results. The problems laid down by the researcher involving finance where the candidates cannot afford to cater for all expected needs, lack of supervision in the internship period all worked very negatively for the expected results. All in all the research must be said to be a success since the objectives and the intended results are a high level of agreement and the data collected is a clear indication that the results as intended were very positive. Buy custom The Educational Research essay

The French Revolution had a significant impact upon British political culture and institutions Essays

The French Revolution had a significant impact upon British political culture and institutions Essays The French Revolution had a significant impact upon British political culture and institutions Essay The French Revolution had a significant impact upon British political culture and institutions Essay Essay Topic: History It inspired greater demands for reform that had been developing as a result of social and economic changes in Britain and encouraged the growth of reformist and politically radical societies to advocate these demands. This pressure for reform was countered by a corresponding conservative political reaction and a crackdown by the authorities, thus the events in France caused a deep polarisation of British society. As a result civil disorder and militant behaviour by the opposing factions increased as pamphlets, newspapers and various forms of propaganda were distributed widely by reformist and loyalist societies. Publications from figures such as Thomas Paine and Edmund Burke, whilst increasing this polarisation also served to increase the political awareness of large sectors of the population and helped democratic ideals to permeate British society. However, whilst significant, the direct impact of the French Revolution was both moderated and accentuated by external factors such as the war between the two nations and economic and agricultural conditions. Socio-economic developments such as urbanisation, improved educational opportunities, a flourishing press and a middle class which was growing as a result of economic expansion had increased calls for reform in Britain throughout the late eighteenth century. The initial impact of the French Revolution was to electrify reformist opinion, both radical and moderate. Reform societies such as the Revolution Society and the Society for Constitutional Information sent resolutions congratulating the French National Assembly. In 1791 meetings were organised throughout the country to mark Bastille Day and the event itself was performed as a pageant in Londons theatres. New radical associations such as the London Corresponding Society (LCS), which was founded in 1792, lobbied for universal male suffrage and parliamentary reform. The same was true in large and small towns across the country and helped to politicise and radicalise popular opinion. Nicholas Rogers states that the public welcomed the fall of French absolutism1 and the impact of what at first appeared to be a successful revolt increasingly began to make itself felt upon British politics. Reformers such as Henry Flood, whos moderately reforming bill to parliament in 1790 was roundly defeated, used events in France as an encouragement to reform to prevent a total revolution occurring in Britain. The moderate Society of the Friends of the People encouraged reform as a preventative remedy to avert for ever from our Country the calamities inseparable with such convulsions2. The response to the French Revolution of Flood and other moderates such as Major John Cartwright (who established the Society for Constitutional Information), was to enfranchise only those with property and not the irresponsible masses3. The impact of the revolution on more radical reformers was even more significant particularly as the moderates ultimately failed in their limited aims. Events in France were initially compared to the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Indeed the reformist chaplain and writer Richard Price used the centenary celebrations of the Revolution Society to acclaim the Revolution in France. Furthermore used the occasion to argue that though the [Glorious] Revolution was a great work, it was by no means a perfect work; and that all was not then gained which was necessary to put the kingdom in the secure and complete possession of the blessings of liberty. Thus the Revolution in France and the Declaration of the Rights of Man, which had won reforms that went much further than those secured in the Glorious Revolution, became something worthy of emulation4. Indeed the apparent success of the French Revolution in surpassing Britains own Glorious Revolution, and the failure of the moderates, encouraged radical reformers in their aims and won more popular support for their cause. Leading radical Thomas Paine went further than Price in his Rights of Man w hich was widely disseminated throughout society. Paine called for the abolition of the monarchy and for the sovereignty of the people. Dickinson states that he dismissed the much vaunted Glorious Revolution and compared it unfavourably to the much more radical revolutions in America and France5. Rogers argues that support for Paines views was widespread and as a result in about twenty towns throughout England and Scotland popular democratic societies emerged and rapidly expanded in to the countryside and areas where clubs and debating societies had not been woven into political life. Indeed he cites Newcastle-Under-Lyme as being ripe for revolt, especially the lower class of inhabitants6. Certainly Paines immensely popular pamphlet, along with the many others advocating radical views, ignited political debate, encouraged reformist views and facilitated the political enlightenment of large sections of the population and in particular the working classes. Whilst the French Revolution caused an explosion of radical societies, literature and pressure for reform, conversely it set off a reaction by those in British society who were opposed to the revolution and the ideals it espoused. As the revolution became more radical and posed an explicit threat to the status quo in Britain, increasingly Government pressure and loyalist writings and societies was used to counter those who supported reform. Edmund Burkes Reflections on the Revolution in France, written in response to Prices speech to the Revolution Society, forecast the later upheaval in French society and defended the British political system. Rogers states that Burkes Reflections helped to fuel the hostility to pro-French sentiment, to a point where some conservatives feared that the 1791 celebrations of the storming of the Bastille would precipitate widespread sedition and disorder7. These fears were apparently well founded as moderate radicalism failed and, following the excesses of the Revolution in France, opinion over reform became increasingly polarised. This polarisation is illustrated by the foundation of loyalist associations, such as the Association for the Preservation of Liberty and Property against Republicans and Levellers (APLP) according to Dickinson the largest political organisation in the country8. They sought to contrast British prosperity and political stability with the anarchy unfolding in France. These societies mirrored the radical societies and produced their own propaganda as well as resorting to threatening radical groups and individuals. On the anniversary of Bastille Day in 1791, widespread violence erupted in Birmingham as loyalists attacked the houses of reformists and disrupted meetings of radical groups. In addition, intimidation against radical groups and those who might host their meetings was widespread. The battle of ideas in Britain ignited by the French Revolution, and the popularity of radical ideas as advocated by Paine and others, forced the Government to intervene in order to halt the spread of radical concepts. The Government used spies and informants to investigate radical groups as well as using their legislative powers. The Treasonable Practices Act of 1795 and the Seditious Meetings Act of 1795 (the gagging acts) were used to prosecute those reformers who encouraged the deposition of the King or who held radical meetings. The combination of loyalism and government pressure, as a reaction against the radical ideas encouraged by the French Revolution, was ultimately successful. However, the conservative victory over the reformists was aided by the excesses of the revolution and fears of invasion roused by the outbreak of war between the two states. Equally the radicals were aided by a deteriorating economic situation and severe food shortages which caused widespread protest. Thus while the French Revolution may have encouraged a polarisation of British society along radical and conservative lines, other factors equally encouraged this state of affairs. Certainly in Britain there was a significant upsurge in discontent and greater calls for reform of the political system, which were due in part to the influence of events across the Channel. It is difficult to accept the view expounded by Ian Christie, that merely a minority of intellectuals welcomed the early stages of the revolution and much of this enthusiasm withered in face of the Revolution Militant after 17939. The widespread popularity of radical ideas and the fact that the government introduced the gagging acts in1795 shows it was not a merely a minority of intellectuals whose enthusiasm for radicalism waned after 1793. However, despite support for reform being further encouraged by a poor harvest and a relatively poor economic situation, the radical movement was hindered by splits over its methods and aims, the loyalism of many in British society and the fact that they were not opposing an absolutist regime. Indeed, the British had had their Glorious Revolution and these factors were sufficient to suppress the calls for reform until 1832. The impact of the French Revolution was that, in conjunction with other factors, it encouraged radical movements and ideas which correspondingly fostered a conservative reaction which was able to resist the ideals of the revolution. This deep polarisation of British politics caused an increase in disorder and militant behaviour but improved the political education of British society.

Soccer Game Transferred from Europe to USA Essay

Soccer Game Transferred from Europe to USA - Essay Example The game stated mainly in England, Germany and Italy and has spread to all the continents where is England is often referred to as the original birthplace for the game (Dobson and Goddard 1). Until late 1950s, most national soccer governing bodies defended the sovereignty of their domestic leagues but at present the leagues are so much interconnected due to development in telecommunication and media interest in the game (King, 8). These developments have opened the game which is now a global game attracting commercial and political interest at the same time. Even in countries like USA where soccer has lagged behind over the years, there is now a lot of developments as witnessed by rising popularity of the Major League Soccer (MLS) specifically driven by business goals and celebrities in the game. How soccer has been received in different cultural contexts Soccer has been warmly received in most of the continents due to its social and emotional connection with the viewers and North Am erica (USA) is no exception. In North America soccer has been improving particularly in USA in the last 20 years. Due to its global spread the game now involves some major tournaments like the World Cup (played every 4 years) both for the senior and junior players where all continents are now represented. Other world majors include World Club Winners Cup that brings together all the continental winners together for a 2 weeks competition. All these developments have helped to popularize the game in the US as it participates in most of these competitions (Darby 94-95). The popularity of the game is so wide spread that even scholars have studied the game. In particular, economics of football has attracted the attention of most scholars in the US with books and academic journals being written (Dobson and Goddard 1-2). However, the reception of the game has not been without drawbacks.. At present, major issues on racism persist where footballers from different races playing in MLS are vi ctimized by fellow players and fans on the basis of skin color. The case is more pronounced between black and white players where the latter tries to justify the supremacy of the white culture. Football governing bodies and coaching positions in the US are dominated by the white. To tame the vice that threatens the development of the game, FIFA and League Associations have put in strong anti-racism rules (Kassimeris 1, 7). In addition, while soccer has been gaining popularity in the US in the recent past, it still lags behind as most residents still rank basketball and American football higher. Analysis on what makes soccer popular Soccer has increased its popularity in the US over the years for various reasons. First, the media has influenced spread of soccer. Television live coverage of matches, magazines, newspapers and internet has influenced the popularity of the game. The fact that the game is a contest appeals to the emotions and feeling of most viewers. Live coverage helps v iewers to connect and identify themselves with the teams and individual players. Through the media, individuals are able to connect with major leagues across the continents. The media has therefore opened US residents to the global game and interest in terms audience and active participation has

Regulatory Responses to the Current Financial Crisis (US, UK, China, Research Paper

Regulatory Responses to the Current Financial Crisis (US, UK, China, Canada, India) - Research Paper Example The current global crisis began in 2007 and spread in 2008. It had varying impacts on the financial systems of various countries depending on the initial stability of the system and its exposure to the credit derivatives that accelerated the crisis. The effects were severe in the developed countries like US as compared to the developing nations like India. In this regard, different countries reacted to the crisis identifying the opportunities and the associated challenges. The countries in the OECD advocated for a joint effort to have international standardization of regulatory policies. The main concerns are stimulation of demand in a given economy, improving liquidity, preventing foreclosures of mortgages and improving access to financing by for the SMEs and giant investors. There is a focus in risk reduction through investment in insurance. Financial crisis refers to a wide category of situations in which the large financial institutions or assets lose large proportion of their va lue. The current global crisis began in 2007, in some countries, and deepened in 2008 (OECD, 2009). Some of the factors that may contribute to financial crisis include application of similar operational strategies by players in the market, changes in the banking business, excessive leverage, changes in regulations and corporate governance, and failure of government policies on the financial sector (Blundell-Wignall, Atkinson, and Lee, 2008). Government policies regulate the financial sector within in a country and the operations with a global business partner. The failures in some of these policies could have contributed greatly to the current situation. To fix the situation and mitigate for future crises, various governments have enacted some monetary and fiscal policies. The current global financial crisis had other related problems like food crisis especially to the developing countries as was, and continues to be, witnessed in the horn of Africa (Canuto, 2011). The financial ref orms to manage the crisis must then focus on the other financial instruments controlling the economy of the country. The problem that has been encountered in the management if the crisis is that economists and the policymakers do not have a proper understanding of the relationship of various components of economic policy and regulation (Tamirisa, 2011). It is important to understand the interaction between monetary and macro-prudential policies in enabling financial stability. Designing a successful macro-prudential policy requires the government to understand the risks of the new financial instruments it is putting in place (Tamirisa, 2011). Focusing on the monetary policy is insufficient in the management and mitigation of financial crises. This paper focuses on the regulatory responses that have been given by five different countries in relation to the current global